For parents and caregivers
Periods and menstrual cycles
Understanding the menstrual cycle.
The cycle is counted from the first day of bleeding to the first day of the next period. Its length and symptoms can vary.
Understanding the situation
Hormones affect the ovaries and the lining of the uterus throughout the cycle. During ovulation, an egg is released. If pregnancy does not occur, hormone levels fall and the lining is shed as a period.
In the first few years, ovulation and bleeding may be irregular. Calendars and apps may show patterns but cannot identify days that are guaranteed to be safe for avoiding pregnancy.
Turning knowledge into action
What you can do
- Offer a simple way to keep track of bleeding days, pain and other symptoms.
- Let your child decide who may see their personal cycle information.
- Bring the notes to a doctor if your child would like help with symptoms.
Find a way to start
One way to begin
“Have you noticed anything that regularly happens before, during or after your period?”
Use your own words and give your child time to respond. A short conversation can be a good beginning.
More help with the conversationFurther support
When should you seek help?
Contact your GP for prolonged gaps, persistent irregularity or a noticeable change in the pattern. If pregnancy is possible, a pregnancy test should be part of the assessment.
See who you can contactContinue learning
Other useful topics
Sources and further reading
Sources were checked on 1 October 2026. The conversation examples are suggestions from Tidlignok.
This content provides general information. Healthcare professionals can assess your child's symptoms, circumstances and treatment needs.