Vulvodynia and vaginismus

Vulvodynia is persistent pain in the vulva, the external genital area, without another clear cause to explain it. The vulva may look normal even when touch causes severe pain. This does not mean that the pain is imagined.

Assessment considers where and when it hurts and looks at other possible causes, such as skin conditions or infection. A doctor can explain how a gentle examination would be performed. You can ask for a break, report pain and ask why a particular step is relevant.

The pain may feel stinging, burning, sharp or sore. For some, it occurs particularly with touching or pressure.

With vaginismus, the muscles around the vagina tighten involuntarily. This can make inserting a tampon, finger, penis or examination instrument difficult or painful.

Stop or take a break from activities that cause pain. If touching, using tampons or sex is painful, healthcare professionals can help investigate the cause.

Vaginismus involves involuntary tightening of muscles around the vaginal opening. This can make insertion difficult or painful. Vaginismus and vulvodynia can occur together, but they describe different problems.

Support is adapted to the causes and your individual needs. It may involve a doctor, physiotherapist with expertise in pelvic floor health or another relevant clinician. The aim is less pain, greater safety and improved functioning. You are under no obligation to practise insertion or have intercourse. Avoid pushing through pain or beginning exercises without tailored professional guidance.